close #6

Reviewed-on: #54

.gitea/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Test Rust project
+on: [push]
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+        rust: [stable]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: https://git.oliveratkinson.net/Oliver/setup-rust-action@master
+      with:
+        rust-version: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+    - uses: actions/checkout@master
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: cargo test --verbose
+    - name: Clippy
+      run: cargo clippy
+
+

README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 
 *New* Spreadsheet Calculator Improved
 
+![Screenshot](readme/screenshot.png)
+
 Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keybinds and not many features.
 
+[Checkout a demo file](readme/demo.nscim), download, then open with `neoscim demo.nscim`.
+
 ## Keybinds
 
 ### Normal mode
@@ -14,8 +18,15 @@ Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keyb
 | `k` | Move up |
 | `h` | Move left |
 | `l` | Move right |
-| `0` | Go to beginning of row |
+| `0` | Go to beginning of the row |
-| `gg` | Go to beginning of column |
+| `g0` | Go to beginning of the visual row |
+| `$` | Go to end of the row |
+| `g$` | Go to end of the visual row |
+| `gg` | Go to beginning of the column |
+| `G` | Go to end of column |
+| `gG` | Go to end of the the visual column |
+| `u`/`Page Down` | Undo[^undo] |
+| `Page Up` | Redo[^undo] |
 | `i`/`a` | Enter insert mode on current cell |
 | `r` | Enter insert mode on current cell, deleting contents |
 | `v` | Enter visual mode |
@@ -34,6 +45,8 @@ Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keyb
 | n`G` | Jump to row "n" |
 | nX | Press "X", "n" times |
 
+[^undo]: Page up/down keybinds are (probably) temporary until I can get ctrl+r to work for redo, which is the propper key for this action. See issue #25 for the status on this.
+
 ### Visual mode
 
 | Key | Action |
@@ -51,6 +64,16 @@ Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keyb
 | `:q` | Quit program |
 | `:q!` | Quit program, even if the file isn't saved |
 
+#### Visual mode commands
+
+These commands operate on selections.
+
+| Commmand | Description |
+| - | - |
+| `:plot` | Plots the current selection to `plot.png` using gnuplot |
+| `:export <filename>` | Exports the current selection to a new file |
+| `:fill <value>` | (Aliased as `f`) Fill the selection with `<value>`, special variables `x`,`y`,`xi`, and `yi` are avaliable. Variables `x` and `y` are the global coordinates of the cell, and `xi` and `yi` are the local coordinates of the selection. |
+
 ## Math / Functions
 
 ### Math
@@ -68,11 +91,11 @@ Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keyb
 
 | Identifier            | Arg Qty           | Argument Types                | Description |
 | -                     | -                 | -                             | - |
-| `avg`                 | >= 1              | Numeric        				| Returns the average of the arguments |
+| `avg`                 | ≥ 1               | Numeric        				| Returns the average of the arguments |
-| `sum`                 | >= 1              | Numbers 						| Returns the sum of the arguments |
+| `sum`                 | ≥ 1               | Numbers 						| Returns the sum of the arguments |
-| `xlookup`             | 3                 | Range, Number/String, Range 	| Searches for the number/string in the first range, returning the item at the same index in the second range |
+| `xlookup`             | 3                 | Number/String, Range, Range 	| Searches for the number/string in the first range, returning the item at the same index in the second range |
-| `min`                 | >= 1              | Numeric                       | Returns the minimum of the arguments |
+| `min`                 | ≥ 1               | Numeric                       | Returns the minimum of the arguments |
-| `max`                 | >= 1              | Numeric                       | Returns the maximum of the arguments |
+| `max`                 | ≥ 1               | Numeric                       | Returns the maximum of the arguments |
 | `len`                 | 1                 | String/Tuple                  | Returns the character length of a string, or the amount of elements in a tuple (not recursively) |
 | `floor`               | 1               	| Numeric                       | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number |
 | `round`               | 1               	| Numeric                       | Returns the nearest integer to a number. Rounds half-way cases away from 0.0 |
@@ -112,7 +135,7 @@ Based loosely off sc-im (spreadsheet calculator improvised), which has dumb keyb
 | `str::to_lowercase`   | 1               	| String                        | Returns the lower-case version of the string |
 | `str::to_uppercase`   | 1               	| String                        | Returns the upper-case version of the string |
 | `str::trim`           | 1               	| String                        | Strips whitespace from the start and the end of the string |
-| `str::from`           | >= 0            	| Any                           | Returns passed value as string |
+| `str::from`           | ≥ 0            	| Any                           | Returns passed value as string |
 | `str::substring`      | 3               	| String, Int, Int              | Returns a substring of the first argument, starting at the second argument and ending at the third argument. If the last argument is omitted, the substring extends to the end of the string |
 | `bitand`              | 2               	| Int                           | Computes the bitwise and of the given integers |
 | `bitor`               | 2               	| Int                           | Computes the bitwise or of the given integers |
@@ -132,8 +155,8 @@ If the cell can be a number (parsed into a float) it will be, if not, then if th
 
 * Cell references move with copy / paste
     * =A0: Will translate
-    * =$A0: Will translate Y only
+    * =$A0: Will translate Y only (numbers)
-    * =$A0: Will translate X only
+    * =A$0: Will translate X only (letters)
     * =$A$0: No translation
 
 * Keybinds are closer to vim keying (i/a start inserting into a cell)

readme/demo.nscim

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+,,,
+Most of vim's movement works here as well,,,
+,,,
+,i,,
+j,Movement,l,
+,j,,
+,,,
+,"insert text with r, i, or a",,
+,,,
+1,,,
+1,Text can overflow cells,,
+1,But may get cut off if it's too long,,10
+1,,,If it reaches another cell
+1,,,
+Total:,=sum(A:A),Sum A:A,
+,=math::log2(B14),Do math on the output of another function,
+,,,
+,,,
+,,11,Number.
+,,=C18+1,Referencing the number and adding 1
+,,,Copying the cell down will translate the reference

src/app/app.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ use ratatui::{
 use crate::app::{
     clipboard::Clipboard,
     error_msg::StatusMessage,
-    logic::{calc::Grid, cell::CellType},
+    logic::{
+        calc::{Grid, LEN, get_header_size},
+        cell::CellType,
+    },
     mode::Mode,
     screen::ScreenSpace,
 };
@@ -39,10 +42,12 @@ pub struct App {
 
 impl Widget for &App {
     fn render(self, area: prelude::Rect, buf: &mut prelude::Buffer) {
+        // let now = std::time::Instant::now();
+
         let (x_max, y_max) = self.screen.how_many_cells_fit_in(&area, &self.vars);
 
-        let is_selected = |x: usize, y: usize| -> bool {
+        let is_visually_selected = |x: usize, y: usize| -> bool {
-            if let Mode::Visual((mut x1, mut y1)) | Mode::VisualCmd((mut x1, mut y1), _)= self.mode {
+            if let Mode::Visual((mut x1, mut y1)) | Mode::VisualCmd((mut x1, mut y1), _) = self.mode {
                 let (mut x2, mut y2) = self.grid.cursor();
                 x1 += 1;
                 y1 += 1;
@@ -60,13 +65,52 @@ impl Widget for &App {
             false
         };
 
+        // cells that are related by reference to the cursor's cell
+        // (inputs to formulas and such)
+        let cells_of_interest: Vec<(usize, usize)> = {
+            let ctx = crate::app::logic::ctx::ExtractionContext::new();
+            let (x, y) = self.grid.cursor();
+            if let Some(cell) = self.grid.get_cell_raw(x, y) {
+                if let CellType::Equation(eq) = cell {
+                    let _ = evalexpr::eval_with_context(&eq[1..], &ctx);
+                    let vars = ctx.dump_vars();
+
+                    let mut interest = Vec::new();
+                    for var in vars {
+                        if let Some(a) = Grid::parse_to_idx(&var) {
+                            interest.push(a);
+                        } else if let Some((start, end)) = Grid::range_as_indices(&var) {
+                            // insert coords:
+                            // (start, 0..len)
+                            // ..
+                            // (end, 0..len)
+                            for x in start..=end {
+                                for y in 0..=super::logic::calc::LEN {
+                                    interest.push((x,y))
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    interest
+                } else {
+                    Vec::new()
+                }
+            } else {
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Custom width for the header of each row
+        let row_header_width = get_header_size() as u16;
+        // ^^ Feels like it oculd be static but evaluating string lens doesn't work at
+        // compile time. Thus cannot be static.
+        let cell_width = self.screen.get_cell_width(&self.vars) as u16;
+        let cell_height = self.screen.get_cell_height(&self.vars) as u16;
+
         for x in 0..x_max {
             for y in 0..y_max {
                 let mut display = String::new();
-                let mut style = Style::new().fg(Color::White);
+                let mut style = Style::new();
-
-                let cell_width = self.screen.get_cell_width(&self.vars) as u16;
-                let cell_height = self.screen.get_cell_height(&self.vars) as u16;
 
                 // Minus 1 because of header cells,
                 // the grid is shifted over (1,1), so if you need
@@ -80,12 +124,26 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                     y_idx = y as usize - 1 + self.screen.scroll_y();
                 }
 
+                // don't render non-accessible cells
+                if x_idx > LEN-1 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 const ORANGE1: Color = Color::Rgb(200, 160, 0);
                 const ORANGE2: Color = Color::Rgb(180, 130, 0);
 
                 let mut should_render = true;
                 let mut suggest_upper_bound = None;
 
+                /// Center the text "99  " -> " 99 "
+                fn center_text(text: &str, avaliable_space: i32) -> String {
+                    let margin = avaliable_space - text.len() as i32;
+                    let margin = margin / 2;
+                    let l_margin = (0..margin).map(|_| ' ').collect::<String>();
+                    let r_margin = (0..(margin - (l_margin.len() as i32))).map(|_| ' ').collect::<String>();
+                    format!("{l_margin}{text}{r_margin}")
+                }
+
                 match (x == 0, y == 0) {
                     // 0,0 vi mode
                     (true, true) => {
@@ -94,11 +152,11 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                     }
                     // row names
                     (true, false) => {
-                        display = y_idx.to_string();
+                        display = center_text(&y_idx.to_string(), row_header_width as i32);
 
                         let bg = if y_idx == self.grid.cursor().1 {
                             Color::DarkGray
-                        } else if y_idx % 2 == 0 {
+                        } else if y_idx.is_multiple_of(2) {
                             ORANGE1
                         } else {
                             ORANGE2
@@ -107,11 +165,11 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                     }
                     // column names
                     (false, true) => {
-                        display = Grid::num_to_char(x_idx);
+                        display = center_text(&Grid::num_to_char(x_idx), cell_width as i32);
 
                         let bg = if x_idx == self.grid.cursor().0 {
                             Color::DarkGray
-                        } else if x_idx % 2 == 0 {
+                        } else if x_idx.is_multiple_of(2) {
                             ORANGE1
                         } else {
                             ORANGE2
@@ -123,6 +181,7 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                     (false, false) => {
                         match self.grid.get_cell_raw(x_idx, y_idx) {
                             Some(cell) => {
+                                // Render in different colors based on type of contents
                                 match cell {
                                     CellType::Number(c) => display = c.to_string(),
                                     CellType::String(s) => {
@@ -134,6 +193,9 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                                             Ok(val) => {
                                                 display = val.to_string();
                                                 style = Style::new()
+                                                    .fg(Color::White)
+                                                    // TODO This breaks dumb terminals like the windows
+                                                    // terminal
                                                     .underline_color(Color::DarkGray)
                                                     .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED);
                                             }
@@ -149,10 +211,12 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                                     }
                                 }
 
+                                // ===================================================
+                                // Allow for text in one cell to visually overflow into empty cells
                                 suggest_upper_bound = Some(display.len() as u16);
                                 // check for cells to the right, see if we should truncate the cell width
                                 for i in 1..(display.len() as f32 / cell_width as f32).ceil() as usize {
-                                    if let Some(_) = self.grid.get_cell_raw(x_idx + i, y_idx) {
+                                    if self.grid.get_cell_raw(x_idx + i, y_idx).is_some() {
                                         suggest_upper_bound = Some(cell_width * i as u16);
                                         break;
                                     }
@@ -164,15 +228,25 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                                         display.push('…');
                                     }
                                 }
+                                // ===================================================
                             }
+                            // Don't render blank cells
                             None => should_render = false,
                         }
 
-                        if is_selected(x.into(), y.into()) {
+                        if cells_of_interest.contains(&(x_idx, y_idx)) {
+                            style = style.fg(Color::Yellow);
+                            should_render = true;
+                        }
+
+                        if is_visually_selected(x.into(), y.into()) {
                             style = style.bg(Color::Blue);
+                            // Make it so that cells render when selected. This fixes issue #32
+                            should_render = true;
                         }
                         if (x_idx, y_idx) == self.grid.cursor() {
                             should_render = true;
+
                             style = Style::new().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::White);
                             // modify the style of the cell you are editing
                             if let Mode::Insert(_) = self.mode {
@@ -181,14 +255,24 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+
                 if should_render {
-                    let x_off = area.x + (x * cell_width);
+                    let mut x_off = area.x + (x * cell_width);
                     let y_off = area.y + (y * cell_height);
 
-                    let area = if let Some(suggestion) = suggest_upper_bound {
+                    // Adjust for the fact that the first column
+                    // is smaller, since it is just headers
+                    if x > 0 {
+                        x_off = x_off - (cell_width - row_header_width);
+                    }
+
+                    // If this is the row header column
+                    let area = if x == 0 && y != 0 {
+                        Rect::new(x_off, y_off, row_header_width, cell_height)
+                    } else if let Some(suggestion) = suggest_upper_bound {
                         let max_available_width = area.width - x_off;
                         // draw the biggest cell possible, without going OOB off the screen
-                        let width = min(max_available_width, suggestion as u16);
+                        let width = min(max_available_width, suggestion);
                         // Don't draw too small tho, we want full-sized cells, minium
                         let width = max(cell_width, width);
 
@@ -201,6 +285,9 @@ impl Widget for &App {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        // let ns = now.elapsed().as_nanos() as f64;
+        // eprintln!("Rendered in {}ms", ns/1_000_000.);
     }
 }
 
@@ -246,22 +333,19 @@ impl App {
     }
 
     fn file_name_display(&self) -> String {
-        let file_name_status = {
+        let mut file_name = "[No Name]";
-            let mut file_name = "[No Name]";
+        let mut icon = "";
-            let mut icon = "";
+        if let Some(file) = &self.file {
-            if let Some(file) = &self.file {
+            if let Some(f) = file.file_name() {
-                if let Some(f) = file.file_name() {
+                if let Some(f) = f.to_str() {
-                    if let Some(f) = f.to_str() {
+                    file_name = f;
-                        file_name = f;
-                    }
                 }
             }
-            if self.grid.needs_to_be_saved() {
+        }
-                icon = "[+]";
+        if self.grid.needs_to_be_saved() {
-            }
+            icon = "[+]";
-            format!("{file_name}{icon}")
+        }
-        };
+        format!("{file_name}{icon}")
-        file_name_status
     }
 
     fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
@@ -292,6 +376,8 @@ impl App {
         let cmd_line_left = cmd_line_split[0];
         let cmd_line_status = cmd_line_split[1];
         let cmd_line_right = cmd_line_split[2];
+
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         let cmd_line_debug = cmd_line_split[3];
         // ======================================================
 
@@ -326,7 +412,7 @@ impl App {
                     event::KeyCode::Char(c) => chord.add_char(c),
                     event::KeyCode::Enter => {
                         // tmp is to get around reference issues.
-                        let tmp = pos.clone();
+                        let tmp = *pos;
                         Mode::process_cmd(self);
                         self.mode = Mode::Visual(tmp)
                     }
@@ -356,17 +442,20 @@ impl App {
                     event::KeyCode::Enter => {
                         let v = editor.as_string();
 
-                        // try to insert as a float
+                        let cursor = self.grid.cursor();
-                        if let Ok(v) = v.parse::<f64>() {
+                        self.grid.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
-                            self.grid.set_cell_raw(self.grid.cursor(), Some(v));
+                            // try to insert as a float
-                        } else {
+                            if let Ok(v) = v.parse::<f64>() {
-                            // if you can't, then insert as a string
+                                grid.set_cell_raw(cursor, Some(v));
-                            if !v.is_empty() {
-                                self.grid.set_cell_raw(self.grid.cursor(), Some(v));
                             } else {
-                                self.grid.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(self.grid.cursor(), None);
+                                // if you can't, then insert as a string
+                                if !v.is_empty() {
+                                    grid.set_cell_raw(cursor, Some(v.to_owned()));
+                                } else {
+                                    grid.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(cursor, None);
+                                }
                             }
-                        }
+                        });
 
                         self.mode = Mode::Normal;
                     }
@@ -382,9 +471,24 @@ impl App {
             },
             Mode::Normal => match event::read()? {
                 event::Event::Key(key_event) => match key_event.code {
-                    event::KeyCode::F(_) => todo!(),
+                    event::KeyCode::F(_n) => {}
-                    event::KeyCode::Char(c) => {
+                    event::KeyCode::Char(c) => Mode::process_key(self, c),
-                        Mode::process_key(self, c);
+                    // Pretend that the arrow keys are vim movement keys
+                    event::KeyCode::Left => Mode::process_key(self, 'h'),
+                    event::KeyCode::Right => Mode::process_key(self, 'l'),
+                    event::KeyCode::Up => Mode::process_key(self, 'k'),
+                    event::KeyCode::Down => Mode::process_key(self, 'j'),
+                    // Getting ctrl to work isn't going will right now. Use page keys for the time being.
+                    event::KeyCode::PageUp => self.grid.redo(),
+                    event::KeyCode::PageDown => self.grid.undo(),
+                    event::KeyCode::Modifier(modifier_key_code) => {
+                        if let event::ModifierKeyCode::LeftControl | event::ModifierKeyCode::RightControl =
+                            modifier_key_code
+                        {
+                            // TODO my terminal (alacritty) isn't showing me ctrl presses. I know
+                            // that they work tho, since ctrl+r works here in neovim.
+                            // panic!("heard ctrl");
+                        }
                     }
                     _ => {}
                 },

src/app/clipboard.rs

@@ -18,12 +18,7 @@ pub struct Clipboard {
 
 impl Clipboard {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
+        Self { clipboard: Vec::new(), last_paste_cell: (0, 0), momentum: (0, 1), source_cell: (0, 0) }
-            clipboard: Vec::new(),
-            last_paste_cell: (0, 0),
-            momentum: (0, 1),
-            source_cell: (0, 0),
-        }
     }
 
     /// Panics if clipboard is 0 length (if you call after you
@@ -49,24 +44,28 @@ impl Clipboard {
         // cursor
         let (cx, cy) = into.cursor();
 
-        for (x, row) in self.clipboard.iter().enumerate() {
+        let cursor = into.cursor();
-            for (y, cell) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+        into.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
-                let idx = (x + cx, y + cy);
+            // iterate thru the clipbaord's cells
+            for (x, row) in self.clipboard.iter().enumerate() {
+                for (y, cell) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+                    let idx = (x + cx, y + cy);
 
-                if translate {
+                    if translate {
-                    if let Some(cell) = cell {
+                        if let Some(cell) = cell {
-                        let trans = cell.translate_cell(self.source_cell, into.cursor());
+                            let trans = cell.translate_cell(self.source_cell, cursor);
-                        into.set_cell_raw(idx, Some(trans));
+                            grid.set_cell_raw(idx, Some(trans));
+                        } else {
+                            // The cell at this location doesn't exist (empty)
+                            grid.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(idx, None);
+                        }
                     } else {
-                        // cell doesn't exist, no need to translate
+                        // translate = false
-                        into.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(idx, None);
+                        grid.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(idx, cell.clone());
                     }
-                } else {
-                    // translate = false
-                    into.set_cell_raw::<CellType>(idx, cell.clone());
                 }
             }
-        }
+        });
 
         let (lx, ly) = self.last_paste_cell;
         self.momentum = (cx as i32 - lx as i32, cy as i32 - ly as i32);
@@ -108,16 +107,19 @@ impl Clipboard {
 
         // size the clipboard appropriately
         self.clipboard.clear();
-        // clone data into clipboard
+
-        for x in low_x..=hi_x {
+        from.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
-            let mut col = Vec::new();
+            // clone data into clipboard
-            for y in low_y..=hi_y {
+            for x in low_x..=hi_x {
-                let a = from.get_cell_raw(x, y);
+                let mut col = Vec::new();
-                col.push(a.clone());
+                for y in low_y..=hi_y {
-                from.set_cell_raw::<CellType>((x, y), None);
+                    let a = grid.get_cell_raw(x, y);
+                    col.push(a.clone());
+                    grid.set_cell_raw::<CellType>((x, y), None);
+                }
+                self.clipboard.push(col);
             }
-            self.clipboard.push(col);
+        });
-        }
         self.last_paste_cell = (low_x, low_y);
     }
 }
@@ -349,4 +351,48 @@ fn copy_paste_y_locked_var() {
     Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'p');
     let c = app.grid.get_cell("B2").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     assert_eq!(c.to_string(), "=B$0");
-}
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn copy_paste_var_in_function() {
+    let mut app = App::new();
+    app.grid.set_cell("A0", 4.to_string());
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'j');
+
+    app.grid.set_cell("A1", "=math::log2(A0)".to_string());
+    app.mode = super::mode::Mode::Chord(Chord::new('y'));
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'y');
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'j');
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'p');
+
+    let a = app.grid.get_cell("A2").as_ref().expect("Should've been set by paste");
+    assert_eq!(a.to_string(), "=math::log2(A1)");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn copy_paste_range_in_function() {
+    let mut app = App::new();
+    app.grid.set_cell("A0", 1.to_string());
+    app.grid.set_cell("A1", 1.to_string());
+    app.grid.set_cell("A2", 1.to_string());
+
+    app.grid.set_cell("B0", "=sum(A:A)".to_string());
+    app.grid.mv_cursor_to(1, 0);
+    app.mode = super::mode::Mode::Chord(Chord::new('y'));
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'y');
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'l');
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'p');
+
+    let a = app.grid.get_cell("C0").as_ref().expect("Should've been set by paste");
+    assert_eq!(a.to_string(), "=sum(B:B)");
+
+    // now copy the range the other direction
+    app.grid.mv_cursor_to(2, 0);
+    app.mode = super::mode::Mode::Chord(Chord::new('y'));
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'y');
+    app.grid.mv_cursor_to(1, 1);
+    Mode::process_key(&mut app, 'p');
+
+    let a = app.grid.get_cell("B1").as_ref().expect("Should've been set by paste");
+    assert_eq!(a.to_string(), "=sum(A:A)");
+}

src/app/error_msg.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Widget for &StatusMessage {
         let msg = if self.start.elapsed().as_secs() > 3 {
             String::new()
         } else {
-            self.msg.clone().unwrap_or(String::new())
+            self.msg.clone().unwrap_or_default()
         };
 
         let style = match self.msg_type {
@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ impl Widget for &StatusMessage {
 
         Paragraph::new(msg).style(style).render(area, buf);
     }
-}
+}

src/app/logic/calc.rs

@@ -2,32 +2,134 @@ use std::{
     cmp::{max, min},
     fs::{self, File},
     io::{Read, Write},
-    path::PathBuf
+    path::PathBuf,
 };
 
 use evalexpr::*;
 
-use crate::app::{
+use crate::app::logic::{
-    logic::{
+    calc::internal::CellGrid,
-        cell::{CSV_DELIMITER, CellType},
+    cell::{CSV_DELIMITER, CellType},
-        ctx,
+    ctx,
-    }, mode::Mode,
 };
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::app::app::App;
+#[cfg(test)]
+use crate::app::mode::Mode;
 
-pub const LEN: usize = 1000;
+pub fn get_header_size() -> usize {
+    LEN.to_string().len()
+}
+
+pub const LEN: usize = 1001;
 pub const CSV_EXT: &str = "csv";
 pub const CUSTOM_EXT: &str = "nscim";
 
+mod internal {
+    use crate::app::logic::{calc::LEN, cell::CellType};
+
+    #[derive(Clone)]
+    pub struct CellGrid {
+        //  a b c ...
+        // 0
+        // 1
+        // 2
+        // ...
+        cells: Vec<Vec<Option<CellType>>>,
+    }
+
+    impl CellGrid {
+        pub fn new() -> Self {
+            let mut a = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
+            for _ in 0..LEN {
+                let mut b = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
+                for _ in 0..LEN {
+                    b.push(None)
+                }
+                a.push(b)
+            }
+            Self { cells: a }
+        }
+
+        pub fn insert_row(&mut self, y: usize) {
+            for x in 0..LEN {
+                self.cells[x].insert(y, None);
+                self.cells[x].pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn insert_column(&mut self, x: usize) {
+            let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
+            for _ in 0..LEN {
+                v.push(None);
+            }
+            // let clone = self.grid_history[self.current_grid].clone();
+            self.cells.insert(x, v);
+            // keep the grid LEN
+            self.cells.pop();
+        }
+
+        pub fn get_cell_raw(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> &Option<CellType> {
+            if x >= LEN || y >= LEN {
+                return &None;
+            }
+            &self.cells[x][y]
+        }
+
+        pub fn set_cell_raw<T: Into<CellType>>(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize), val: Option<T>) {
+            // TODO check oob
+            self.cells[x][y] = val.map(|v| v.into());
+        }
+        /// Iterate over the entire grid and see where
+        /// the farthest modified cell is.
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+            let mut max_x = 0;
+            let mut max_y = 0;
+
+            for (xi, x) in self.cells.iter().enumerate() {
+                for (yi, cell) in x.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if cell.is_some() {
+                        if yi > max_y {
+                            max_y = yi
+                        }
+                        if xi > max_x {
+                            max_x = xi
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            (max_x, max_y)
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn max_y_at_x(&self, x: usize) -> usize {
+            let mut max_y = 0;
+            if let Some(col) = self.cells.get(x) {
+                // we could do fancy things like .take_while(not null) but then
+                // we would have to deal with empty cells and stuff, which sounds
+                // boring. This will be fast "enough", considering the grid is
+                // probably only like 1k cells
+                for (yi, cell) in col.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if cell.is_some() {
+                        if yi > max_y {
+                            max_y = yi
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            max_y
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Grid {
-    //  a b c ...
+    /// Which grid in history are we currently on
-    // 0
+    current_grid: usize,
-    // 1
+    /// An array of grids, thru history
-    // 2
+    grid_history: Vec<CellGrid>,
-    // ...
-    cells: Vec<Vec<Option<CellType>>>,
     /// (X, Y)
     selected_cell: (usize, usize),
     /// Have unsaved modifications been made?
@@ -42,20 +144,9 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for Grid {
 
 impl Grid {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let mut a = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
+        let x = CellGrid::new();
-        for _ in 0..LEN {
-            let mut b = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
-            for _ in 0..LEN {
-                b.push(None)
-            }
-            a.push(b)
-        }
 
-        Self {
+        Self { current_grid: 0, grid_history: vec![x], selected_cell: (0, 0), dirty: false }
-            cells: a,
-            selected_cell: (0, 0),
-            dirty: false,
-        }
     }
 
     pub fn new_from_file(file: &mut File) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
@@ -63,14 +154,17 @@ impl Grid {
 
         let mut buf = String::new();
         file.read_to_string(&mut buf)?;
-        for (yi, line) in buf.lines().enumerate() {
-            let cells = Self::parse_csv_line(line);
 
-            for (xi, cell) in cells.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        grid.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
-                // This gets automatically duck-typed
+            for (yi, line) in buf.lines().enumerate() {
-                grid.set_cell_raw((xi, yi), cell);
+                let cells = Self::parse_csv_line(line);
+
+                for (xi, cell) in cells.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    // This gets automatically duck-typed
+                    grid.set_cell_raw((xi, yi), cell);
+                }
             }
-        }
+        });
 
         // force dirty back off, we just read the data so it's gtg
         grid.dirty = false;
@@ -81,7 +175,7 @@ impl Grid {
     /// Save file to `path` as a csv. Path with have `csv` appended to it if it
     /// does not already have the extension.
     pub fn save_to(&mut self, path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-        let path = path.into();
+        let mut path = path.into();
 
         let resolve_values;
 
@@ -94,36 +188,34 @@ impl Grid {
                     resolve_values = false;
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    resolve_values = false;
+                    // File as an extension but isn't ours.
-                    // path.add_extension(CUSTOM_EXT);
+                    // Save as csv-like
+                    resolve_values = true;
                 }
             },
             None => {
+                // File has no extension. Save it as our file type
                 resolve_values = false;
-                // path.add_extension(CUSTOM_EXT);
+                path.add_extension(CUSTOM_EXT);
             }
         }
 
         let mut f = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).append(false).truncate(true).create(true).open(path)?;
-        let (mx, my) = self.max();
+        let (mx, my) = self.get_grid().max();
         for y in 0..=my {
             for x in 0..=mx {
-                let cell = &self.cells[x][y];
+                let cell = &self.get_grid().get_cell_raw(x, y);
 
                 // newline after the cell, because it's end of line.
                 // else, just put a comma after the cell.
-                let is_last = x==mx;
+                let is_last = x == mx;
-                let delim = if is_last {
+                let delim = if is_last { '\n' } else { CSV_DELIMITER };
-                    '\n'
-                } else {
-                    CSV_DELIMITER
-                };
 
                 let data = if let Some(cell) = cell {
                     if let Ok(val) = self.evaluate(&cell.to_string())
                         && resolve_values
                     {
-                        format!("{}{}", val.to_string(), delim)
+                        format!("{val}{delim}")
                     } else {
                         format!("{}{}", cell.escaped_csv_string(), delim)
                     }
@@ -139,6 +231,37 @@ impl Grid {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn get_grid(&self) -> &CellGrid {
+        &self.grid_history[self.current_grid]
+    }
+
+    pub fn undo(&mut self) {
+        self.current_grid = self.current_grid.saturating_sub(1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn redo(&mut self) {
+        self.current_grid = min(self.grid_history.len() - 1, self.current_grid + 1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn transact_on_grid<F>(&mut self, mut action: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&mut CellGrid),
+    {
+        // push on a new reality
+        let new = self.get_grid().clone();
+        self.grid_history.push(new);
+        self.current_grid += 1;
+
+        // delete the other fork of the history
+        for i in self.current_grid + 1..self.grid_history.len() {
+            self.grid_history.remove(i);
+        }
+
+        action(&mut self.grid_history[self.current_grid]);
+
+        self.dirty = true;
+    }
+
     pub fn needs_to_be_saved(&self) -> bool {
         self.dirty
     }
@@ -245,101 +368,84 @@ impl Grid {
     }
 
     pub fn insert_row_above(&mut self, (_x, insertion_y): (usize, usize)) {
-        for x in 0..LEN {
+        self.transact_on_grid(|grid: &mut CellGrid| {
-            self.cells[x].insert(insertion_y, None);
+            grid.insert_row(insertion_y);
-            self.cells[x].pop();
+            for x in 0..LEN {
-            for y in 0..LEN {
+                for y in 0..LEN {
-                if let Some(cell) = self.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| {
+                    if let Some(cell) = grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| {
-                    f.custom_translate_cell((0, 0), (0, 1), |rolling, old, new| {
+                        f.custom_translate_cell((0, 0), (0, 1), |rolling, old, new| {
-                        if let Some((_, arg_y)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(old) {
+                            if let Some((_, arg_y)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(old) {
-                            if arg_y < insertion_y { rolling.to_owned() } else { rolling.replace(old, new)  }
+                                if arg_y < insertion_y { rolling.to_owned() } else { rolling.replace(old, new) }
-                        } else {
+                            } else if Grid::range_as_indices(old).is_some() {
-                            unimplemented!("Invalid variable wanted to be translated")
+                                // ranges are  not changed when moved vertically
-                        }
+                                rolling.to_string()
+                            } else {
+                                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                                unimplemented!("Invalid variable wanted to be translated");
+
+                                #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+                                rolling.to_string()
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }) {
+                        grid.set_cell_raw((x, y), Some(cell));
                     }
-                    )}) {
-                    self.set_cell_raw((x,y), Some(cell));
-                } 
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn insert_row_below(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {
-        self.insert_row_above((x,y+1));
-    }
-    pub fn insert_column_before(&mut self, (insertion_x, _y): (usize, usize)) {
-        let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
-        for _ in 0..LEN {
-            v.push(None);
-        }
-        self.cells.insert(insertion_x, v);
-        // keep the grid LEN
-        self.cells.pop();
-        for x in 0..LEN {
-            for y in 0..LEN {
-                if let Some(cell) = self.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| {
-                    f.custom_translate_cell((0, 0), (1, 0), |rolling, old, new| {
-                        if let Some((arg_x, _)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(old) {
-                            // add 1 because of the insertion
-                            if arg_x < insertion_x { rolling.to_owned() } else { rolling.replace(old, new) }
-                        } else {
-                            unimplemented!("Invalid variable wanted to be translated")
-                        }
-                    })
-                }) {
-                    self.set_cell_raw((x, y), Some(cell));
                 }
             }
-        }
+        });
     }
+
+    pub fn insert_row_below(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {
+        self.insert_row_above((x, y + 1));
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert_column_before(&mut self, (insertion_x, _y): (usize, usize)) {
+        self.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
+            grid.insert_column(insertion_x);
+            for x in 0..LEN {
+                for y in 0..LEN {
+                    if let Some(cell) = grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| {
+                        f.custom_translate_cell((0, 0), (1, 0), |rolling, old, new| {
+                            if let Some((arg_x, _)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(old) {
+                                // add 1 because of the insertion
+                                if arg_x < insertion_x { rolling.to_owned() } else { rolling.replace(old, new) }
+                            } else if let Some((start, end)) = Grid::range_as_indices(old) {
+                                let mut range_start = Grid::num_to_char(start);
+                                let mut range_end = Grid::num_to_char(end);
+
+                                if start >= insertion_x {
+                                    range_start = Grid::num_to_char(start+1);
+                                }
+
+                                if end >= insertion_x {
+                                    range_end = Grid::num_to_char(end+1);
+                                }
+                                let new = format!("{range_start}:{range_end}");
+
+                                rolling.replace(old, &new)
+                            } else {
+                                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                                unimplemented!("Invalid variable wanted to be translated");
+
+                                #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+                                rolling.to_string()
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }) {
+                        grid.set_cell_raw((x, y), Some(cell));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     pub fn insert_column_after(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {
         self.insert_column_before((x + 1, y));
     }
-    /// Iterate over the entire grid and see where
-    /// the farthest modified cell is.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn max(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
-        let mut max_x = 0;
-        let mut max_y = 0;
-
-        for (xi, x) in self.cells.iter().enumerate() {
-            for (yi, cell) in x.iter().enumerate() {
-                if cell.is_some() {
-                    if yi > max_y {
-                        max_y = yi
-                    }
-                    if xi > max_x {
-                        max_x = xi
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        (max_x, max_y)
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn max_y_at_x(&self, x: usize) -> usize {
-        let mut max_y = 0;
-        if let Some(col) = self.cells.get(x) {
-            // we could do fancy things like .take_while(not null) but then
-            // we would have to deal with empty cells and stuff, which sounds
-            // boring. This will be fast "enough", considering the grid is
-            // probably only like 1k cells
-            for (yi, cell) in col.iter().enumerate() {
-                if cell.is_some() {
-                    if yi > max_y {
-                        max_y = yi
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        max_y
-    }
 
     /// Only evaluates equations, such as `=10` or `=A1/C2`, not
     /// strings or numbers.
-    pub fn evaluate(&self, mut eq: &str) -> Result<f64, String> {
+    pub fn evaluate(&self, mut eq: &str) -> Result<CellType, String> {
         if eq.starts_with('=') {
             eq = &eq[1..];
         } else {
@@ -347,17 +453,21 @@ impl Grid {
             return Err(format!("\"{eq}\" is not an equation"));
         }
 
-        let ctx = ctx::CallbackContext::new(&self);
+        let ctx = ctx::CallbackContext::new(self);
 
         let prep_for_return = |v: Value| {
             if v.is_number() {
                 if v.is_float() {
                     let val = v.as_float().expect("Value lied about being a float");
-                    return Ok(val);
+                    return Ok(CellType::Number(val));
                 } else if v.is_int() {
-                    let i = v.as_int().expect("Value lied about being an int");
+                    let val = v.as_int().expect("Value lied about being an int");
-                    return Ok(i as f64);
+                    return Ok(CellType::Number(val as f64));
                 }
+            } else if v.is_string() {
+                // ^^ This allows for functions to return a string
+                let s = v.as_string().expect("Value lied about being a String");
+                return Ok(CellType::String(s));
             }
             return Err("Result is NaN".to_string());
         };
@@ -370,10 +480,7 @@ impl Grid {
                 EvalexprError::VariableIdentifierNotFound(var_not_found) => {
                     return Err(format!("\"{var_not_found}\" is not a variable"));
                 }
-                EvalexprError::TypeError {
+                EvalexprError::TypeError { expected: e, actual: a } => {
-                    expected: e,
-                    actual: a,
-                } => {
                     // IE: You put a string into a function that wants a float
                     return Err(format!("Wanted {e:?}, got {a}"));
                 }
@@ -382,12 +489,37 @@ impl Grid {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Gets the indices of the range labels.
+    /// A:B -> (0,1)
+    pub fn range_as_indices(range: &str) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+        let v = range.split(':').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        if v.len() == 2 {
+            let start_col = v[0];
+            let end_col = v[1];
+
+            let start_idx = Grid::char_to_idx(start_col);
+            let end_idx = Grid::char_to_idx(end_col);
+
+            return Some((start_idx, end_idx));
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn char_to_idx(i: &str) -> usize {
+        i
+            .chars()
+            .filter(|f| f.is_alphabetic())
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(idx, c)| ((c.to_ascii_lowercase() as usize).saturating_sub(97)) + (26 * idx))
+            .sum()
+    }
+
     /// Parse values in the format of A0, C10 ZZ99, etc, and
     /// turn them into an X,Y index.
     pub fn parse_to_idx(i: &str) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
         let i = i.replace('$', "");
 
-        let chars = i.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_alphabetic()).collect::<Vec<char>>();
+        let chars = i.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_alphabetic()).collect::<String>();
         let nums = i.chars().skip(chars.len()).take_while(|c| c.is_numeric()).collect::<String>();
 
         // At least half the arguments are gone
@@ -396,11 +528,7 @@ impl Grid {
         }
 
         // get the x index from the chars
-        let x_idx = chars
+        let x_idx = Self::char_to_idx(&chars);
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(idx, c)| (c.to_ascii_lowercase() as usize - 97) + (26 * idx))
-            .fold(0, |a, b| a + b);
 
         // get the y index from the numbers
         if let Ok(y_idx) = nums.parse::<usize>() {
@@ -412,15 +540,12 @@ impl Grid {
 
     /// Helper for tests
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub fn set_cell<T: Into<CellType>>(&mut self, cell_id: &str, val: T) {
+    pub fn set_cell<T: Into<CellType> + Clone>(&mut self, cell_id: &str, val: T) {
         if let Some(loc) = Self::parse_to_idx(cell_id) {
-            self.set_cell_raw(loc, Some(val));
+            self.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
+                grid.set_cell_raw(loc, Some(val.clone()));
+            });
         }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_cell_raw<T: Into<CellType>>(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize), val: Option<T>) {
-        // TODO check oob
-        self.cells[x][y] = val.map(|v| v.into());
         self.dirty = true;
     }
 
@@ -439,7 +564,7 @@ impl Grid {
         if x >= LEN || y >= LEN {
             return &None;
         }
-        &self.cells[x][y]
+        self.get_grid().get_cell_raw(x, y)
     }
 
     pub fn num_to_char(idx: usize) -> String {
@@ -456,7 +581,7 @@ impl Grid {
         }
         word[1] = ((idx % 26) + 65) as u8 as char;
 
-        word.iter().collect()
+        word.iter().filter(|a| !a.is_ascii_whitespace()).collect()
     }
 }
 
@@ -492,11 +617,11 @@ fn saving_csv() {
     // insure that the cells are there
     let cell = app.grid.get_cell_raw(0, 10).as_ref().expect("Should've been set");
     let res = app.grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate");
-    assert_eq!(res, 11.0);
+    assert_eq!(res, (11.0).into());
     assert_eq!(cell.escaped_csv_string(), "=A9+A$0");
     let cell = app.grid.get_cell_raw(1, 10).as_ref().expect("Should've been set");
     let res = app.grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate");
-    assert_eq!(res, 121.0);
+    assert_eq!(res, (121.0).into());
     assert_eq!(cell.escaped_csv_string(), "=A10^2");
 
     // set saving the file
@@ -535,16 +660,16 @@ fn saving_neoscim() {
     // insure that the cells are there
     let cell = app.grid.get_cell_raw(0, 10).as_ref().expect("Should've been set");
     let res = app.grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate");
-    assert_eq!(res, 11.0);
+    assert_eq!(res, (11.0).into());
     assert_eq!(cell.escaped_csv_string(), "=A9+A$0");
     let cell = app.grid.get_cell_raw(1, 10).as_ref().expect("Should've been set");
     let res = app.grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate");
-    assert_eq!(res, 121.0);
+    assert_eq!(res, (121.0).into());
     assert_eq!(cell.escaped_csv_string(), "=A10^2");
 
     // set saving the file
-    let filename=  "/tmp/file.neoscim";
+    let filename = format!("/tmp/file.{CUSTOM_EXT}");
-    app.grid.save_to(filename).expect("This will only work on linux systems");
+    app.grid.save_to(&filename).expect("This will only work on linux systems");
     let mut file = fs::OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(filename).expect("Just wrote the file");
     let mut buf = String::new();
     file.read_to_string(&mut buf).expect("Just opened the file");
@@ -557,7 +682,7 @@ fn saving_neoscim() {
 fn cell_strings() {
     let mut grid = Grid::new();
 
-    assert!(&grid.cells[0][0].is_none());
+    assert!(&grid.get_grid().get_cell_raw(0, 0).is_none());
     grid.set_cell("A0", "Hello".to_string());
     assert!(grid.get_cell("A0").is_some());
 
@@ -580,9 +705,10 @@ fn alphanumeric_indexing() {
     assert_eq!(Grid::parse_to_idx("A"), None);
     assert_eq!(Grid::parse_to_idx(":"), None);
     assert_eq!(Grid::parse_to_idx("="), None);
+    assert_eq!(Grid::parse_to_idx("A:A"), None);
 
-    assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(0).trim(), "A");
+    assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(0), "A");
-    assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(25).trim(), "Z");
+    assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(25), "Z");
     assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(26), "AA");
     assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(51), "AZ");
     assert_eq!(Grid::num_to_char(701), "ZZ");
@@ -600,31 +726,31 @@ fn valid_equations() {
     // cell math
     let cell = grid.get_cell("C0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 3.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (3.).into());
 
     // divide floats
     grid.set_cell("D0", "=5./2.".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("D0").as_ref().expect("I just set this");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should be ok");
-    assert_eq!(res, 2.5);
+    assert_eq!(res, (2.5).into());
 
     // Float / Int mix
     grid.set_cell("D0", "=5./2".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("D0").as_ref().expect("I just set this");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should be ok");
-    assert_eq!(res, 2.5);
+    assert_eq!(res, (2.5).into());
 
     // divide "ints" (should become floats)
     grid.set_cell("D0", "=5/2".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("D0").as_ref().expect("I just set this");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should be ok");
-    assert_eq!(res, 2.5);
+    assert_eq!(res, (2.5).into());
 
     // Non-equation that should still be valid
     grid.set_cell("D0", "=10".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("D0").as_ref().expect("I just set this");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should be ok");
-    assert_eq!(res, 10.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (10.).into());
 }
 
 // Cell = output of Cell = value of Cells.
@@ -641,7 +767,7 @@ fn fn_of_fn() {
         let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
 
         assert!(res.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 6.);
+        assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (6.).into());
         return;
     }
     panic!("Cell not found");
@@ -677,7 +803,7 @@ fn invalid_equations() {
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert!(res.is_ok_and(|v| v == 10.));
+    assert!(res.is_ok_and(|v| v == (10.).into()));
 
     // Trailing comma in function call
     grid.set_cell("A0", 5.);
@@ -685,7 +811,7 @@ fn invalid_equations() {
     grid.set_cell("B0", "=avg(A0,A1,)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 7.5);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (7.5).into());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -693,17 +819,17 @@ fn grid_max() {
     let mut grid = Grid::new();
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", 1.);
-    let (mx, my) = grid.max();
+    let (mx, my) = grid.get_grid().max();
     assert_eq!(mx, 0);
     assert_eq!(my, 0);
 
     grid.set_cell("B0", 1.);
-    let (mx, my) = grid.max();
+    let (mx, my) = grid.get_grid().max();
     assert_eq!(mx, 1);
     assert_eq!(my, 0);
 
     grid.set_cell("B5", 1.);
-    let (mx, my) = grid.max();
+    let (mx, my) = grid.get_grid().max();
     assert_eq!(mx, 1);
     assert_eq!(my, 5);
 }
@@ -716,19 +842,19 @@ fn avg_function() {
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 5.);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (5.).into());
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", "=avg(5,10)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 7.5);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (7.5).into());
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", "=avg(5,10,15)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 10.);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (10.).into());
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", "=avg(foo)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
@@ -754,13 +880,13 @@ fn sum_function() {
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 5.);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (5.).into());
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", "=sum(5,10)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 15.);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (15.).into());
 
     grid.set_cell("A0", "=sum(foo)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
@@ -786,11 +912,11 @@ fn xlookup_function() {
     grid.set_cell("A1", "Sarah".to_string());
     grid.set_cell("C0", 31.);
     grid.set_cell("C1", 41.);
-    grid.set_cell("B0", "=xlookup(A:A,\"Bobby\",C:C)".to_string());
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=xlookup(\"Bobby\",A:A,C:C)".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
     assert!(res.is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), 31.);
+    assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), (31.).into());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -844,6 +970,19 @@ fn parse_csv() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn invalid_ranges() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A1", 1.);
+    // ASCII to number conversion needs to not overflow
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=sum($:A)".to_string());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    let _ = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn ranges() {
     let mut grid = Grid::new();
@@ -855,13 +994,13 @@ fn ranges() {
     // range with numbers
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 3.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (3.).into());
 
     // use range output as input for other function
     grid.set_cell("B1", "=B0*2".to_string());
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B1").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 6.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (6.).into());
 
     // use equation outputs as range input
     grid.set_cell("A2", "=C0+1".to_string());
@@ -869,11 +1008,11 @@ fn ranges() {
 
     let cell = grid.get_cell("A2").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 6.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (6.).into());
 
     let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 9.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (9.).into());
 
     // use function outputs as range input
     grid.set_cell("B1", 2.);
@@ -882,7 +1021,7 @@ fn ranges() {
 
     let cell = grid.get_cell("C0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 5.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (5.).into());
 
     // use range outputs as range input
     grid.set_cell("D0", "=sum(C:C)".to_string());
@@ -890,7 +1029,7 @@ fn ranges() {
 
     let cell = grid.get_cell("D0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
     let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate.");
-    assert_eq!(res, 6.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (6.).into());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -975,6 +1114,66 @@ fn insert_col_before_3() {
     assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=B0*B1");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn insert_col_before_static_range() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A1", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=sum(A:A)".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(1, 0);
+    grid.insert_column_before(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("C0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=sum(A:A)");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_col_before_move_range() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("B0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B1", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A0", "=sum(B:B)".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(0, 0);
+    grid.insert_column_after(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=sum(C:C)");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_row_before_static_range() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A1", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=sum(A:A)".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(0, 0);
+    grid.insert_row_above(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("B1").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=sum(A:A)");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_row_before_move_range() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A1", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=sum(A:A)".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(0, 0);
+    grid.insert_row_below(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=sum(A:A)");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn insert_row_above_1() {
     let mut grid = Grid::new();
@@ -1041,7 +1240,7 @@ fn insert_row_above_3() {
 #[test]
 fn cell_eval_depth() {
     use crate::app::mode::*;
-    let mut app= App::new();
+    let mut app = App::new();
 
     app.grid.set_cell("A0", 1.);
     app.grid.set_cell("A1", "=A0+$A$0".to_string());
@@ -1060,6 +1259,34 @@ fn cell_eval_depth() {
     assert_eq!(c.to_string(), "=A5+$A$0");
 
     let res = app.grid.evaluate(&c.to_string()).expect("Should evaluate");
-    assert_eq!(res, 7.);
+    assert_eq!(res, (7.).into());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn return_string_from_fn() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+    grid.set_cell("A0", "=if(2>1, \"A\", \"B\")".to_string()); // true, A
+    grid.set_cell("A1", "=if(1>2, \"A\", \"B\")".to_string()); // false, B
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
+    let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    if let Ok(f) = res {
+        if let CellType::String(s) = f {
+            assert_eq!("A", s);
+        } else {
+            unreachable!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("A1").as_ref().expect("Just set the cell");
+    let res = grid.evaluate(&cell.to_string());
+    assert!(res.is_ok());
+    if let Ok(f) = res {
+        if let CellType::String(s) = f {
+            assert_eq!("B", s);
+        } else {
+            unreachable!();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/app/logic/cell.rs

@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ pub enum CellType {
     Equation(String),
 }
 
-impl Into<CellType> for f64 {
+impl From<f64> for CellType {
-    fn into(self) -> CellType {
+    fn from(value: f64) -> Self {
-        CellType::duck_type(self.to_string())
+        CellType::duck_type(value.to_string())
     }
 }
 
-impl Into<CellType> for String {
+impl From<String> for CellType {
-    fn into(self) -> CellType {
+    fn from(value: String) -> Self {
-        CellType::duck_type(self)
+        CellType::duck_type(value)
     }
 }
 
@@ -37,14 +37,10 @@ impl CellType {
         }
 
         // escape string of it has a comma
-        if display.contains(CSV_DELIMITER) {
+        if display.contains(CSV_DELIMITER) { format!("\"{display}\"") } else { display }
-            format!("\"{display}\"")
-        } else {
-            display
-        }
     }
 
-    fn duck_type<'a>(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+    fn duck_type(value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         let value = value.into();
 
         if let Ok(parse) = value.parse::<f64>() {
@@ -54,50 +50,58 @@ impl CellType {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn custom_translate_cell(&self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize), replace_fn: impl Fn(&str, &str, &str) -> String) -> CellType {
+    /// `replace_fn` takes the string, the old value, and then the new value.
+    /// It can be thought of as `echo $1 | sed s/$2/$3/g`
+    pub fn custom_translate_cell(
+        &self,
+        from: (usize, usize),
+        to: (usize, usize),
+        replace_fn: impl Fn(&str, &str, &str) -> String,
+    ) -> CellType {
         match self {
             // don't translate non-equations
             CellType::Number(_) | CellType::String(_) => return self.clone(),
             CellType::Equation(eq) => {
-                // extract all the variables
+                // Populate the context
                 let ctx = ExtractionContext::new();
-                let _ = eval_with_context(eq, &ctx);
+                let _ = eval_with_context(&eq[1..], &ctx);
 
-                let mut rolling = eq.clone();
+                let mut equation = eq.clone();
                 // translate standard vars A0 -> A1
+                // extract all the variables
                 for old_var in ctx.dump_vars() {
                     let mut lock_x = false;
                     let mut lock_y = false;
 
                     if old_var.contains('$') {
-                        let locations = old_var.char_indices().filter(|(_, c)| *c == '$').map(|(i, _)| i).collect::<Vec<usize>>();
+                        let locations =
+                            old_var.char_indices().filter(|(_, c)| *c == '$').map(|(i, _)| i).collect::<Vec<usize>>();
                         match locations.len() {
                             1 => {
                                 if locations[0] == 0 {
                                     // locking the X axis (A,B,C...)
                                     lock_x = true;
-                                } else if locations[0] < old_var.len() {
+                                } else {
                                     // inside the string somewhere, gonna assume this means to lock Y (1,2,3...)
                                     lock_y = true;
-
-                                } else {
-                                    // where tf is this dollar sign?
-                                    // (It's somewhere malformed, like A0$ or something)
                                 }
                             }
                             2 => {
-                                // YOLO, lock both X & Y
+                                // Ignore this variable all together, effectively lockng X & Y
-                                continue; // just pretend you never even saw this var
+                                continue;
                             }
                             _ => {
+                                // There are 0 or >2 "$" in this string.
+                                //
                                 // Could probably optimize the code or something so you only go over the string
                                 // once, instead of contains() then getting the indexes of where it is.
                                 // You could then put your no-$ code here.
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    
+
                     if let Some((src_x, src_y)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(&old_var) {
+                        // Use i32s instead of usize in case of negative numbers
                         let (x1, y1) = from;
                         let x1 = x1 as i32;
                         let y1 = y1 as i32;
@@ -105,21 +109,13 @@ impl CellType {
                         let x2 = x2 as i32;
                         let y2 = y2 as i32;
 
-                        let dest_x = if lock_x {
+                        let dest_x = if lock_x { src_x } else { (src_x as i32 + (x2 - x1)) as usize };
-                            src_x as usize
-                        } else {
-                            (src_x as i32 + (x2 - x1)) as usize
-                        };
 
-                        let dest_y = if lock_y {
+                        let dest_y = if lock_y { src_y } else { (src_y as i32 + (y2 - y1)) as usize };
-                            src_y as usize
-                        } else {
-                            (src_y as i32 + (y2 - y1)) as usize
-                        };
 
                         let alpha = Grid::num_to_char(dest_x);
-                        let alpha = alpha.trim();
 
+                        // Persist the "$" locking
                         let new_var = if lock_x {
                             format!("${alpha}{dest_y}")
                         } else if lock_y {
@@ -128,21 +124,46 @@ impl CellType {
                             format!("{alpha}{dest_y}")
                         };
 
-
                         // swap out vars
-                        rolling = replace_fn(&rolling, &old_var, &new_var);
+                        equation = replace_fn(&equation, &old_var, &new_var);
                         // rolling = rolling.replace(&old_var, &new_var);
                     } else {
                         // why you coping invalid stuff, nerd?
+                        //
+                        // could be copying a range
+                        if let Some(parts) = Grid::range_as_indices(&old_var) {
+                            // how far is the movement?
+                            let dx = to.0 as i32 - from.0 as i32;
+
+                            let xs = parts.0 as i32;
+                            let xe = parts.1 as i32;
+
+                            // apply movement
+                            let mut new_range_start = xs + dx;
+                            let mut new_range_end = xe + dx;
+
+                            // bottom out at 0
+                            if new_range_start < 0 {
+                                new_range_start = 0;
+                            }
+                            if new_range_end < 0 {
+                                new_range_end = 0;
+                            }
+
+                            // convert the index back into a letter and then submit it
+                            let start = Grid::num_to_char(new_range_start as usize);
+                            let end = Grid::num_to_char(new_range_end as usize);
+                            equation = replace_fn(&equation, &old_var, &format!("{start}:{end}"));
+                        }
                     }
                 }
-                return rolling.into();
+                return equation.into();
             }
         }
     }
 
     pub fn translate_cell(&self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize)) -> CellType {
-        self.custom_translate_cell(from, to, |a,b,c| a.replace(b, c))
+        self.custom_translate_cell(from, to, |a, b, c| a.replace(b, c))
     }
 }
 
@@ -156,3 +177,14 @@ impl Display for CellType {
         write!(f, "{d}")
     }
 }
+
+impl PartialEq for CellType {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Self::Number(left), Self::Number(right)) => left == right,
+            (Self::String(left), Self::String(right)) => left == right,
+            (Self::Equation(left), Self::Equation(right)) => left == right,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/app/logic/ctx.rs

@@ -16,25 +16,11 @@ pub struct CallbackContext<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> CallbackContext<'a> {
     fn expand_range(&self, range: &str) -> Option<Vec<&CellType>> {
-        let v = range.split(':').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        if let Some((start, end)) = Grid::range_as_indices(range) {
-        if v.len() == 2 {
-            let start_col = v[0];
-            let end_col = v[1];
-
-            let as_index = |s: &str| {
-                s.char_indices()
-                    // .filter(|f| f.1 as u8 >= 97) // prevent sub with overflow errors
-                    .map(|(idx, c)| (c.to_ascii_lowercase() as usize - 97) + (26 * idx))
-                    .fold(0, |a, b| a + b)
-            };
-
-            let start_idx = as_index(start_col);
-            let end_idx = as_index(end_col);
-
             let mut buf = Vec::new();
 
-            for x in start_idx..=end_idx {
+            for x in start..=end {
-                for y in 0..=self.variables.max_y_at_x(x) {
+                for y in 0..=self.variables.get_grid().max_y_at_x(x) {
                     if let Some(s) = self.variables.get_cell_raw(x, y) {
                         buf.push(s);
                     }
@@ -104,13 +90,13 @@ impl<'a> CallbackContext<'a> {
         functions.insert(
             "xlookup".to_string(),
             Function::new(|arg| {
-                let expected = vec![ValueType::Tuple, ValueType::String, ValueType::Tuple];
+                let expected = vec![ValueType::String, ValueType::Tuple, ValueType::Tuple];
                 if arg.is_tuple() {
                     let args = arg.as_tuple()?;
 
                     if args.len() == 3 {
-                        let lookup_array = &args[0];
+                        let lookup_value = &args[0];
-                        let lookup_value = &args[1];
+                        let lookup_array = &args[1];
                         let return_array = &args[2];
 
                         if lookup_array.is_tuple() && return_array.is_tuple() {
@@ -162,8 +148,8 @@ impl<'a> Context for CallbackContext<'a> {
         }
 
         if let Ok(mut trail) = self.eval_breadcrumbs.write() {
-            let find = trail.iter().filter(|id| *id == identifier).collect::<Vec<&String>>();
+            let find = trail.iter().filter(|id| *id == identifier).count();
-            if find.len() > 0 {
+            if find > 0 {
                 // recursion detected
                 return None;
             } else {
@@ -195,7 +181,7 @@ impl<'a> Context for CallbackContext<'a> {
                         },
                         Err(e) => {
                             match e {
-                                EvalexprError::VariableIdentifierNotFound(_) => {
+                                EvalexprError::VariableIdentifierNotFound(_err) => {
                                     // If the variable isn't found, that's ~~probably~~ because
                                     // of recursive reference, considering all references
                                     // are grabbed straight from the table.
@@ -217,8 +203,14 @@ impl<'a> Context for CallbackContext<'a> {
                         CellType::Number(e) => vals.push(Value::Float(*e)),
                         CellType::String(s) => vals.push(Value::String(s.to_owned())),
                         CellType::Equation(eq) => {
-                            if let Ok(val) = eval_with_context(&eq[1..], self) {
+                            match eval_with_context(&eq[1..], self) {
-                                vals.push(val);
+                                Ok(val) => vals.push(val),
+                                Err(_err) => {
+                                    // At this point we are getting an error because
+                                    // recursion protection made this equation return
+                                    // None. We now don't get any evaluation.
+                                    return None
+                                },
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -270,10 +262,19 @@ impl ExtractionContext {
         }
     }
     pub fn dump_vars(&self) -> Vec<String> {
-        if let Ok(r) = self.var_registry.read() { r.clone() } else { Vec::new() }
+        if let Ok(r) = self.var_registry.read() {
+            r.clone()
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        }
     }
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn dump_fns(&self) -> Vec<String> {
-        if let Ok(r) = self.fn_registry.read() { r.clone() } else { Vec::new() }
+        if let Ok(r) = self.fn_registry.read() {
+            r.clone()
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -301,8 +302,7 @@ impl Context for ExtractionContext {
         } else {
             panic!("The RwLock should always be write-able")
         }
-        // Ok(Value::Int(1))
+        Ok(Value::Int(1))
-        unimplemented!("Extracting function identifier not implemented yet")
     }
 
     fn are_builtin_functions_disabled(&self) -> bool {

src/app/mode.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use std::{
     cmp::{max, min},
     fmt::Display,
     fs,
-    path::PathBuf, process::Command,
+    path::PathBuf,
+    process::Command,
 };
 
 use ratatui::{
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::app::{
     app::App,
     error_msg::StatusMessage,
     logic::{
-        calc::{CSV_EXT, CUSTOM_EXT, Grid, LEN},
+        calc::{Grid, LEN},
         cell::CellType,
     },
 };
@@ -70,25 +71,11 @@ impl Mode {
                 "w" => {
                     // first try the passed argument as file
                     if let Some(arg) = args.get(1) {
-                        let mut path: PathBuf = arg.into();
+                        let path: PathBuf = arg.into();
-                        match path.extension() {
-                            Some(s) => {
-                                match s.to_str() {
-                                    // leave the file alone, it already has
-                                    // a valid extension
-                                    Some(CSV_EXT) | Some(CUSTOM_EXT) => {}
-                                    _ => {
-                                        path.add_extension(CUSTOM_EXT);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            None => {
-                                path.add_extension(CUSTOM_EXT);
-                            }
-                        };
 
-                        // TODO Check if the file exists, but the program wasn't opened with it. We might be accidentally overwriting something else.
+                        // TODO Check if the file we are writing to exists, since
-                        // let mut file = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).append(false).truncate(true).create(true).open(path)?;
+                        // this code path already knows that we are writing to a new file.
+                        // We might be accidentally overwriting something else.
 
                         if let Err(e) = app.grid.save_to(&path) {
                             app.msg = StatusMessage::error(format!("{e}"));
@@ -100,7 +87,7 @@ impl Mode {
                                 path.file_name().map(|f| f.to_str().unwrap_or("n/a")).unwrap_or("n/a")
                             ));
 
-                            if let None = app.file {
+                            if app.file.is_none() {
                                 app.file = Some(path)
                             }
                         }
@@ -167,11 +154,13 @@ impl Mode {
 
             let mut save_range = |to: &str| {
                 let mut g = Grid::new();
-                for (i, x) in (low_x..=hi_x).enumerate() {
+                g.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
-                    for (j, y) in (low_y..=hi_y).enumerate() {
+                    for (i, x) in (low_x..=hi_x).enumerate() {
-                        g.set_cell_raw((i, j), app.grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).clone());
+                        for (j, y) in (low_y..=hi_y).enumerate() {
+                            grid.set_cell_raw((i, j), grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).clone());
+                        }
                     }
-                }
+                });
                 if let Err(_e) = g.save_to(to) {
                     app.msg = StatusMessage::error("Failed to save file");
                 }
@@ -185,13 +174,30 @@ impl Mode {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                return "unknown"
+                return "unknown";
             };
 
             match args[0] {
+                "f" | "fill" => {
+                    app.grid.transact_on_grid(|grid| {
+                        for (i, x) in (low_x..=hi_x).enumerate() {
+                            for (j, y) in (low_y..=hi_y).enumerate() {
+                                let arg = args
+                                    .get(1)
+                                    .map(|s| s.replace("xi", &i.to_string()))
+                                    .map(|s| s.replace("yi", &j.to_string()))
+                                    .map(|s| s.replace("x", &x.to_string()))
+                                    .map(|s| s.replace("y", &y.to_string()));
+                                grid.set_cell_raw((x, y), arg);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    app.mode = Mode::Normal
+                }
                 "export" => {
                     if let Some(arg1) = args.get(1) {
-                        save_range(&arg1);
+                        save_range(arg1);
                     } else {
                         app.msg = StatusMessage::error("export <path.csv>")
                     }
@@ -201,11 +207,7 @@ impl Mode {
                     // Use gnuplot to plot the selected data.
                     // * Temp data will be stored in /tmp/
                     // * Output will either be plot.png or a name that you pass in
-                    let output_filename = if let Some(arg1) = args.get(1) {
+                    let output_filename = if let Some(arg1) = args.get(1) { arg1 } else { "plot.png" };
-                        arg1
-                    } else {
-                        "plot.png"
-                    };
 
                     save_range("/tmp/plot.csv");
                     let plot = include_str!("../../template.gnuplot");
@@ -216,10 +218,18 @@ impl Mode {
                     let s = s.replace("$OUTPUT", "/tmp/output.png");
                     let _ = fs::write("/tmp/plot.p", s);
 
-                    let _ = Command::new("gnuplot").arg("/tmp/plot.p").output();
+                    let cmd_res = Command::new("gnuplot").arg("/tmp/plot.p").output();
-                    let _ = fs::copy("/tmp/output.png", output_filename);
+                    if let Err(err) = cmd_res {
-
+                        match err.kind() {
-                    app.msg = StatusMessage::info("Wrote gnuplot data to /tmp");
+                            std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+                                app.msg = StatusMessage::error("Error - Is gnuplot installed?")
+                            }
+                            _ => app.msg = StatusMessage::error(format!("{err}")),
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        let _ = fs::copy("/tmp/output.png", output_filename);
+                        app.msg = StatusMessage::info(format!("Created {output_filename}. Artifacts are in /tmp"));
+                    }
                     app.mode = Mode::Normal
                 }
                 _ => {}
@@ -260,11 +270,23 @@ impl Mode {
                         app.grid.mv_cursor_to(0, y);
                         return;
                     }
+                    // Go to end of row
+                    '$' => {
+                        let (_, y) = app.grid.cursor();
+                        app.grid.mv_cursor_to(super::logic::calc::LEN-1, y);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // Go to bottom of column
+                    'G' => {
+                        let (x, _) = app.grid.cursor();
+                        app.grid.mv_cursor_to(x, super::logic::calc::LEN-1);
+                        return;
+                    }
                     // edit cell
                     'i' | 'a' => {
                         let (x, y) = app.grid.cursor();
 
-                        let val = app.grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string()).unwrap_or(String::new());
+                        let val = app.grid.get_cell_raw(x, y).as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string()).unwrap_or_default();
 
                         app.mode = Mode::Insert(Chord::from(val));
                     }
@@ -300,6 +322,11 @@ impl Mode {
                             app.mode = Mode::Command(Chord::new(':'))
                         }
                     }
+                    // undo
+                    'u' => {
+                        app.grid.undo();
+                    }
+                    // paste
                     'p' => {
                         app.clipboard.paste(&mut app.grid, true);
                         app.grid.apply_momentum(app.clipboard.momentum());
@@ -373,6 +400,34 @@ impl Mode {
                                 app.grid.mv_cursor_to(x, 0);
                                 app.mode = Mode::Normal;
                             }
+                            // Go to the bottom of the current window
+                            ("g", 'G') => {
+                                let (x, _) = app.grid.cursor();
+                                let (_, y_height) = app.screen.get_screen_size(&app.vars);
+                                let y_origin = app.screen.scroll_y();
+
+                                app.grid.mv_cursor_to(x, y_origin + y_height);
+                                app.mode = Mode::Normal;
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            // Go to the right edge of the current window
+                            ("g", '$') => {
+                                let (_, y) = app.grid.cursor();
+                                let (x_width, _) = app.screen.get_screen_size(&app.vars);
+                                let x_origin = app.screen.scroll_x();
+
+                                app.grid.mv_cursor_to(x_origin + x_width, y);
+                                app.mode = Mode::Normal;
+                            }
+                            // Go to the left edge of the current window
+                            ("g", '0') => {
+                                let (_, y) = app.grid.cursor();
+                                let x_origin = app.screen.scroll_x();
+
+                                app.grid.mv_cursor_to(x_origin, y);
+                                app.mode = Mode::Normal;
+                                return;
+                            }
                             // center screen to cursor
                             ("z", 'z') => {
                                 app.screen.center_x(app.grid.cursor(), &app.vars);
@@ -422,14 +477,12 @@ impl Mode {
         let len = match &self {
             Mode::Insert(edit) | Mode::VisualCmd(_, edit) | Mode::Command(edit) | Mode::Chord(edit) => edit.len(),
             Mode::Normal => {
-                let len = cell.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string().len()).unwrap_or_default();
+                cell.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string().len()).unwrap_or_default()
-                len
             }
             Mode::Visual(_) => 0,
         };
         // min 20 chars, expand if needed
-        let len = max(len as u16 + 1, 20);
+        max(len as u16 + 1, 20)
-        len
     }
 
     pub fn render(&self, f: &mut ratatui::Frame, area: prelude::Rect, cell: &Option<CellType>) {
@@ -443,8 +496,7 @@ impl Mode {
             Mode::Chord(chord) => f.render_widget(chord, area),
             Mode::Normal => f.render_widget(
                 Paragraph::new({
-                    let cell = cell.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string()).unwrap_or_default();
+                    cell.as_ref().map(|f| f.to_string()).unwrap_or_default()
-                    cell
                 }),
                 area,
             ),
@@ -461,20 +513,15 @@ pub struct Chord {
 impl From<String> for Chord {
     fn from(value: String) -> Self {
         let b = value.as_bytes().iter().map(|f| *f as char).collect();
-        Chord {
+        Chord { buf: b }
-            buf: b,
-        }
     }
 }
 
 impl Chord {
     pub fn new(inital: char) -> Self {
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let buf = vec![inital];
-        buf.push(inital);
 
-        Self {
+        Self { buf }
-            buf,
-        }
     }
 
     pub fn backspace(&mut self) {

src/app/screen.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::RwLock};
+use std::{cmp::min, collections::HashMap, sync::RwLock};
 
 use ratatui::prelude;
 
 use crate::app::logic::calc::LEN;
 
 pub struct ScreenSpace {
-    /// This is measured in cells
+    /// This is measured in cells.
+    /// This is the top-left cell index.
     scroll: (usize, usize),
+    /// In chars
     default_cell_len: usize,
+    /// In chars
     default_cell_hight: usize,
     /// This is measured in chars
     last_seen_screen_size: RwLock<(usize, usize)>
@@ -17,74 +20,84 @@ impl ScreenSpace {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             scroll: (0, 0),
-            default_cell_len: 10,
+            default_cell_len: 9,
             default_cell_hight: 1,
             last_seen_screen_size: RwLock::new((0,0))
         }
     }
 
     pub fn center_x(&mut self, (cursor_x, _): (usize, usize), vars: &HashMap<String, String>) {
-        if let Ok(screen_size) = self.last_seen_screen_size.read() {
+        let (x_cells, _) = self.get_screen_size(vars);
-            let x_cells = (screen_size.0 / self.get_cell_width(vars) as usize) -2;
+        let x_center = self.scroll_x() + (x_cells/2);
-            let x_center = self.scroll_x() + (x_cells/2);
 
-            let delta = cursor_x as isize - x_center as isize;
+        let delta = cursor_x as isize - x_center as isize;
-            self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_add_signed(delta);
+        self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_add_signed(delta);
-        }
     }
+
     pub fn center_y(&mut self, (_, cursor_y): (usize, usize), vars: &HashMap<String, String>) {
-        if let Ok(screen_size) = self.last_seen_screen_size.read() {
+        let (_, y_cells) = self.get_screen_size(vars);
-            let y_cells = (screen_size.1 / self.get_cell_height(vars) as usize) -2;
+        let y_center = self.scroll_y() + (y_cells/2);
-            let y_center = self.scroll_y() + (y_cells/2);
 
-            let delta = cursor_y as isize - y_center as isize;
+        let delta = cursor_y as isize - y_center as isize;
-            self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_add_signed(delta);
+        self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_add_signed(delta);
-        }
     }
-
+    
-    pub fn scroll_based_on_cursor_location(&mut self, (cursor_x, cursor_y): (usize, usize), vars: &HashMap<String, String>) {
+    /// In chars
+    pub fn get_screen_size(&self, vars: &HashMap<String, String>) -> (usize, usize) {
         if let Ok(screen_size) = self.last_seen_screen_size.read() {
             // ======= X =======
             // screen seems to be 2 cells smaller than it should be
             // this is probably related to issue #6
-            let x_cells = (screen_size.0 / self.get_cell_width(vars) as usize) -2;
+            let x_cells = (screen_size.0 / self.get_cell_width(vars)) -2;
-            let lower_x = self.scroll_x();
-            let upper_x = self.scroll_x() + x_cells;
-
-            if cursor_x < lower_x {
-                let delta = lower_x - cursor_x;
-                self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_sub(delta);
-            }
-            if cursor_x > upper_x {
-                let delta = cursor_x - upper_x;
-                self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_add(delta);
-            }
-
             // ======= Y =======
             // screen seems to be 2 cells smaller than it should be
             // this is probably related to issue #6
-            let y_cells = (screen_size.1 / self.get_cell_height(vars) as usize) -2;
+            let y_cells = (screen_size.1 / self.get_cell_height(vars)) -2;
-            let lower_y = self.scroll_y();
+            (x_cells,y_cells)
-            let upper_y = self.scroll_y() + y_cells;
+        } else {
+            (0,0)
+        }
+    }
 
-            if cursor_y < lower_y {
+    pub fn scroll_based_on_cursor_location(&mut self, (cursor_x, cursor_y): (usize, usize), vars: &HashMap<String, String>) {
-                let delta = lower_y - cursor_y;
+        let (x_cells, y_cells) = self.get_screen_size(vars);
-                self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_sub(delta);
-            }
 
-            if cursor_y > upper_y {
+
-                let delta = cursor_y - upper_y;
+        let lower_x = self.scroll_x();
-                self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_add(delta);
+        let upper_x = self.scroll_x() + x_cells;
-            }
+
+        if cursor_x < lower_x {
+            let delta = lower_x - cursor_x;
+            self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_sub(delta);
+        }
+        if cursor_x > upper_x {
+            let delta = cursor_x - upper_x;
+            self.scroll.0 = self.scroll.0.saturating_add(delta);
+        }
+
+
+        let lower_y = self.scroll_y();
+        let upper_y = self.scroll_y() + y_cells;
+
+        if cursor_y < lower_y {
+            let delta = lower_y - cursor_y;
+            self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_sub(delta);
+        }
+
+        if cursor_y > upper_y {
+            let delta = cursor_y - upper_y;
+            self.scroll.1 = self.scroll.1.saturating_add(delta);
         }
     }
 
     pub fn scroll_x(&self) -> usize {
         self.scroll.0
     }
+
     pub fn scroll_y(&self) -> usize{
         self.scroll.1
     }
+
     pub fn get_cell_height(&self, vars: &HashMap<String, String>) -> usize {
         if let Some(h) = vars.get("height") {
             if let Ok(p) = h.parse::<usize>() {
@@ -93,6 +106,7 @@ impl ScreenSpace {
         }
         return self.default_cell_hight
     }
+    
     pub fn get_cell_width(&self, vars: &HashMap<String, String>) -> usize {
         if let Some(h) = vars.get("length") {
             if let Ok(p) = h.parse::<usize>() {
@@ -100,19 +114,24 @@ impl ScreenSpace {
             }
         }
         self.default_cell_len
+
     }
+
     pub fn how_many_cells_fit_in(&self, area: &prelude::Rect, vars: &HashMap<String, String>) -> (u16, u16) {
         if let Ok(mut l) = self.last_seen_screen_size.write() {
             l.0 = area.width as usize;
             l.1 = area.height as usize;
         }
 
-        let x_max =
+        let width = (area.width as usize / self.get_cell_width(vars)) + 1;
-            if area.width as usize / self.get_cell_width(vars) > LEN { LEN - 1 } else { area.width as usize / self.get_cell_width(vars)};
+        let height = area.height as usize / self.get_cell_height(vars);
-        let y_max =
+
-            if area.height as usize / self.get_cell_height(vars) > LEN { LEN - 1 } else { area.height as usize / self.get_cell_height(vars)};
+        let x_max = min(LEN-1, width);
+        let y_max = min(LEN-1, height);
+
         (x_max as u16, y_max as u16)
     }
+
 }
 
 #[test]

src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+#![allow(clippy::needless_return)]
+#![allow(clippy::len_zero)]
+#![allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
+#![allow(clippy::collapsible_else_if)]
+#![allow(clippy::collapsible_match)]
+#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
+
 mod app;
 
 use std::env::args;

template.gnuplot

@@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ set grid
 set term png size 1280, 720
 set output '$OUTPUT'
 plot datafile using 1:2 with linespoints linestyle 1 
+# plot datafile using 1:2 with linespoints linestyle 1, datafile using 1:3, etc...
 replot