diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 374729b..47aa619 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 /target
 /.vscode
-/*.csv
\ No newline at end of file
+/*.csv
+/*.nscim
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/app/clipboard.rs b/src/app/clipboard.rs
index 95838ad..c32c37e 100644
--- a/src/app/clipboard.rs
+++ b/src/app/clipboard.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use evalexpr::eval_with_context;
-
-use crate::app::logic::{calc::Grid, cell::CellType, ctx::ExtractionContext};
+use crate::app::logic::{calc::Grid, cell::CellType};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::app::{
diff --git a/src/app/logic/calc.rs b/src/app/logic/calc.rs
index ba47d85..c5c88a5 100644
--- a/src/app/logic/calc.rs
+++ b/src/app/logic/calc.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
     cmp::{max, min},
-    fmt::Display,
     fs,
     io::{Read, Write},
     path::PathBuf,
@@ -8,10 +7,10 @@ use std::{
 
 use evalexpr::*;
 
-use crate::app::logic::{
+use crate::app::{logic::{
     cell::{CSV_DELIMITER, CellType},
     ctx,
-};
+}, mode::Mode};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::app::app::App;
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ impl Grid {
                     {
                         val.to_string()
                     } else {
-                        cell.to_string_csv_escaped()
+                        cell.escaped_csv_string()
                     }
                 } else {
                     CSV_DELIMITER.to_string()
@@ -235,6 +234,42 @@ impl Grid {
         self.mv_cursor_to(x, y);
     }
 
+    pub fn insert_row_above(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {todo!()}
+    pub fn insert_row_below(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {todo!()}
+    pub fn insert_column_before(&mut self, (insertion_x, _y): (usize, usize)) {
+        let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(LEN);
+        for _ in 0..LEN {
+            v.push(None);
+        }
+        self.cells.insert(insertion_x, v);
+        // keep the grid LEN
+        self.cells.pop();
+        for x in 0..LEN  {
+            for y in 0..LEN {
+                if let Some(cell) = self
+                    .get_cell_raw(x, y)
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|f| f
+                        .custom_translate_cell((0,0), (1,0), |rolling, old, new| {
+                            if let Some((arg_x, _)) = Grid::parse_to_idx(old) {
+                                // add 1 because of the insertion
+                                if arg_x < insertion_x {
+                                    rolling.to_owned()
+                                } else {
+                                    rolling.replace(old, new)
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                unimplemented!("Invalid variable wanted to be translated")
+                            }
+                        })) {
+                    self.set_cell_raw((x,y), Some(cell));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn insert_column_after(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {
+        self.insert_column_before((x+1,y));
+    }
     /// Iterate over the entire grid and see where
     /// the farthest modified cell is.
     #[must_use]
@@ -759,3 +794,60 @@ fn cursor_fns() {
     app.grid.mv_cursor_to(1, 0);
     assert_eq!(app.grid.cursor(), (1, 0));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_col_before_1() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=A0*2".to_string());
+    grid.set_cell("B1", "=B0".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(1, 0);
+
+    grid.insert_column_before(grid.cursor());
+
+    // cell didn't get translated
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("A0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "2");
+
+    // cell referencing another cell on the same side of the insertion
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("C1").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=C0");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_col_before_2() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=A0*2".to_string());
+    grid.set_cell("B1", "=B0".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(0, 0);
+
+    grid.insert_column_before(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("B0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "2");
+
+    // cell referencing another cell on the same side of the insertion
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("C1").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=C0");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn insert_col_before_3() {
+    let mut grid = Grid::new();
+
+    grid.set_cell("A0", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("A1", 2.);
+    grid.set_cell("B0", "=A0*A1".to_string());
+
+    grid.mv_cursor_to(0, 0);
+
+    grid.insert_column_before(grid.cursor());
+
+    let cell = grid.get_cell("C0").as_ref().expect("Just set it");
+    assert_eq!(cell.to_string(), "=B0*B1");
+}
diff --git a/src/app/logic/cell.rs b/src/app/logic/cell.rs
index 99ef761..aab317c 100644
--- a/src/app/logic/cell.rs
+++ b/src/app/logic/cell.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub const CSV_DELIMITER: char = ',';
 const CSV_ESCAPE: char = '"';
 
 impl CellType {
-    pub fn to_string_csv_escaped(&self) -> String {
+    pub fn escaped_csv_string(&self) -> String {
         let mut display = self.to_string();
 
         // escape quotes " -> ""
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ impl CellType {
             if value.starts_with('=') { Self::Equation(value) } else { Self::String(value) }
         }
     }
-    pub fn translate_cell(&self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize)) -> CellType {
+
+    pub fn custom_translate_cell(&self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize), replace_fn: impl Fn(&str, &str, &str) -> String) -> CellType {
         match self {
             // don't translate non-equations
             CellType::Number(_) | CellType::String(_) => return self.clone(),
@@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ impl CellType {
                         let new_var = format!("{alpha}{dest_y}");
 
                         // swap out vars
-                        rolling = rolling.replace(&old_var, &new_var);
+                        rolling = replace_fn(&rolling, &old_var, &new_var);
+                        // rolling = rolling.replace(&old_var, &new_var);
                     } else {
                         // why you coping invalid stuff, nerd?
                     }
@@ -90,6 +92,10 @@ impl CellType {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn translate_cell(&self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize)) -> CellType {
+        self.custom_translate_cell(from, to, |a,b,c| a.replace(b, c))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Display for CellType {
diff --git a/src/app/logic/ctx.rs b/src/app/logic/ctx.rs
index fd92352..0171ec0 100644
--- a/src/app/logic/ctx.rs
+++ b/src/app/logic/ctx.rs
@@ -280,8 +280,9 @@ impl Context for ExtractionContext {
     fn get_value(&self, identifier: &str) -> Option<Value<Self::NumericTypes>> {
         if let Ok(mut registry) = self.var_registry.write() {
             registry.push(identifier.to_owned());
-        }
-        None
+        } else { panic!("The RwLock should always be write-able") }
+
+        Some(Value::Int(1))
     }
 
     fn call_function(
@@ -292,8 +293,9 @@ impl Context for ExtractionContext {
         let _ = argument;
         if let Ok(mut registry) = self.fn_registry.write() {
             registry.push(identifier.to_owned())
-        }
-        Ok(Value::Empty)
+        } else { panic!("The RwLock should always be write-able") }
+        // Ok(Value::Int(1))
+        todo!();
     }
 
     fn are_builtin_functions_disabled(&self) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/app/mode.rs b/src/app/mode.rs
index 2c55526..c79f30a 100644
--- a/src/app/mode.rs
+++ b/src/app/mode.rs
@@ -160,8 +160,14 @@ impl Mode {
                     'r' => {
                         app.mode = Mode::Insert(Chord::from(String::new()));
                     }
-                    'I' => { /* insert col before */ }
-                    'A' => { /* insert col after */ }
+                    // insert column before
+                    'I' => {
+                        app.grid.insert_column_before(app.grid.cursor());
+                    }
+                    // insert column after
+                    'A' => {
+                        app.grid.insert_column_after(app.grid.cursor());
+                    }
                     'o' => { /* insert row below */ }
                     'O' => { /* insert row above */ }
                     'v' => app.mode = Mode::Visual(app.grid.cursor()),